An electronic newsletter Produced by the Eastern Turkistan Information Center No: 90 30 November 1998
In this issue: (1) THE OUTRAGES OF CHINESE AUTHORITIES
(2) DRIVE TO REFORM CHINESE STATE ENTERPRISES 29 November 1998, BBC World Service (3) THE DAY OF MEMORY OF TWO EASTERN TURKISTAN REPUBLICS 29 November 1998, Eastern Turkistan Information Center (4) TOKYO’S "HARDENED" ATTITUDE IRKS BEIJIN 28 November 1998, WILLY WO-LAP LAM in Tokyo (5) ANTI-CHINA PROTESTS HELD IN CHINA 27 November 27 1998, World: Asia-Pacific (6) WHO ARE UYGHURS? 26 November 1998, Terim List, Jack Churchward (7) THE TRIAL ON THREE UYGHURS HAS BEGUN IN BISHKEK. 24 November 1998, Eastern Turkistan Information Center *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= (1) THE OUTRAGES OF CHINESE AUTHORITIES
Guiding by birth-rate limitation held in China, three Uyghur women - Harnisahan, Amina Tursun and Kimiz Kerim from Tosalla village of Hotan - were exposed to gynecology operation by force after what they were not to have children. But these three women died after this operation. After sending of all men to work beyond the villages, the authorities of some villages of Hotan expose women, able to have children, to gynecology operations. Sometimes, these operations were done in their houses. Those women, who resist this operations, are arrested, only in Tosalla village 29 people were arrested for this reason. Such humiliations and outrages are beard by people of other places of Hotan in Eastern Turkistan. (2) DRIVE TO REFORM CHINESE STATE ENTERPRISES
The Chinese central government has ordered all units of the Communist party and the bureaucracy to break their links with state enterprises from January. Large firms will be handed over to a new committee controlled by the cabinet and small businesses will be supervised at regional level. Similar moves have recently been imposed on the military, police and judiciary in an attempt to curb corruption and boost competition. The China Daily said the changes had become more urgent because of state enterprise losses of nearly forty-billion dollars in the first half of the year. The BBC Beijing correspondent says official anxiety that local officials have been selling off state firms at bargain prices to their cronies may also be a factor. (3) THE DAY OF MEMORY OF TWO EASTERN TURKISTAN REPUBLICS
The meeting devoted to formations of two Eastern Turkistan Republics, which were called in 1933 an "Eastern Turkistan Islamic Republic" and in 1944 an " Eastern Turkistan Republic", was held in Istanbul on the 14th of November, on the day when all Turkish people celebrate the 75th anniversary of Turkey. Thousands of delegates took part in this meeting, including Ali Djoshkun, minister of Turkey, Riza Ulujak, chairman-deputy of "Pazilat" party, professor Novzat Yalchintash, general Mahmed Riza and others. Different concerts and documentaries were showed and numerous books and journals were distributed in this meeting. (4) TOKYO’S "HARDENED" ATTITUDE IRKS BEIJIN
Beijing is to conduct a thorough review of its policy towards Japan due to what it considers to be Tokyo's "hardened" position on issues sensitive to bilateral relations. A Beijing source said yesterday that some elements in the Chinese leadership suspect that Washington played a role in Tokyo's toughened stance during President Jiang Zemin's visit. Beijing was disappointed that it could not obtain a written apology on Japan's wartime role in China and that Tokyo had refused to give a more clear-cut pledge on thwarting Taiwan independence. "There may be a relative cooling off in Sino-Japanese ties in the near future," the source said. "Beijing thinks Tokyo's tough stance has something to do with [US President Bill] Clinton's Japan visit this month - and the subsequent strengthening in security co-operation between the US and Japan. "However, Beijing's reassessment of its Japan policy will be taken in the context of China's overall relations with the US and Russia." A diplomatic source in Tokyo said the Jiang team was unhappy that last-minute talks between Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan and Japanese diplomats had failed to produce what Beijing called "the minimal step forward" - a written apology over Japan's war-time atrocities. "Before Tang Jiaxuan left for talks with the Japanese on Tuesday, some of his colleagues in the leadership jokingly said he must perform the role of a Tang Woxuan," the source said. In Chinese, woxuan means to "negotiate and cut deals". The source said, however, that Beijing's failure to get additional concessions on World War II and Taiwan issues would not hurt the domestic position of either Mr. Jiang or Mr Tang. The mainland media has so far either omitted or played down the difficult last-minute negotiations and Tokyo's failure to make concessions on Taiwan and war issues. Political analysts said upon returning to Beijing on Monday Mr. Jiang could still play up his relatively more successful trip to Russia. In addition to the so-called "three nos" policy on undermining Taiwan independence, Moscow pledged not to sell weapons to the Kuomintang-held island. (5) ANTI-CHINA PROTESTS HELD IN CHINA
Students demonstrate ahead of Jiang's visit to their university. Three anti-China protesters have been arrested in Tokyo after interrupting President Jiang Zemin as he called on the Japanese people to guard against the resurgence of militarism. Mr. Jiang, on the fourth day of his historic visit, described himself as a witness during Japan's occupation of China between 1937 to 1945, in which he said 35 million people were killed or injured. Mr. Jiang said Japan must never forget the lessons of its past. The president, addressing students in Tokyo, called on Japan to teach its youth about its past and guide them with what he called ''a correct historical view''. There was also a skirmish after the speech when three Japanese ultra-rightists raised a banner featuring a Chinese national flag torn in the middle and shouted that it should be China that apologize to Japan. They were overpowered by 20 Chinese students who took the banner and burnt it. Outside the university dozens of students staged a protest against China's oppression of minorities, nuclear tests and anti-democratic policies. 'We may use force against Taiwan'. At a later news conference, Mr. Jiang accused high-ranking Japanese of distorting their country's war-time past. Japan's occupation of China remains a thorn in relations. The two countries formally resumed diplomatic ties in 1972, but Mr. Jiang's state visit is the first by a Chinese president. The Chinese leader repeated his calls for Japan to fully recognize its past after receiving only a verbal apology at his landmark summit on Thursday with Japanese leader Keizo Obuchi. When asked whether his visit to Japan, which ends on Monday, had been a success, Mr. Jiang failed to give a direct answer. The president also said he did not rule out the use of force against Taiwan if it keeps up a separatist drive. "I would like to stress that China cannot renounce the use of force against Taiwan," he added. History overshadows trip. The controversy over Japan's failure to apologize for its wartime occupation has distracted attention from the intended emphasis on ways of increasing economic co-operation. At an earlier banquet hosted by Mr. Obuchi, Mr. Jiang said: "Only by learning from history and preventing the recurrence of the tragedy can China and Japan promote a long-lasting friendship." 140,000 died in the notorious Nanking massacre of 1937. In a joint declaration issued on Thursday, Tokyo expressed "deep remorse", but did not apologize for the actions of Japanese forces when they invaded China earlier this century. A final statement, published after much wrangling, said Japan "painfully [felt] its responsibility for inflicting grave suffering and damage on the people of China by invading China at one period of history". Neither leader signed the document. Mr. Obuchi did verbally offer a "heartfelt apology over the colonial rule and aggression" during talks with Mr. Jiang, but similar words were not included in the written statement. The Chinese Government is keen to cultivate relations with its largest trade partner and largest source of economic aid. But ahead of Mr. Jiang's arrival, China had demanded there should be an unequivocal apology for the war, and a clearer "no compromise" statement about Taiwan, which Beijing views as a renegade province. (6) WHO ARE UYGHURS?
The following letter goes at lunch to Bill
Clinton, Madelaine Albright, 2 Dear Mr. President, I am again writing to call your attention to the abuses of human rights in the People's Republic of China, in particular, the atrocities experienced by the Uyghur people of Eastern Turkestan, the so-called Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of the People's Republic of China. I also ask that you use your great office to work to end the policies of cultural genocide promulgated by the Chinese Communist Party against the Uyghur, Tibetan, and Southern (Inner) Mongolian people. Although these peoples have been assigned 'Autonomous Regions' in name, the real authority and future for the Uyghurs, Mongols, and Tibetans lies in the hands of the Chinese Communist Party, which as demonstrated over the almost fifty years of occupation, has maintained policies of assimilation and cultural genocide. This is a sad situation that denies Uyghurs, Mongols, and Tibetans their right to self-determination, especially when these peoples together number over 30 million. I hope that you will use your great office to ensure that the Chinese government maintains it's commitments to human and civil rights as recently signaled by it's signing of various UN conventions. I am enclosing a recent paper on the subject "Who Are The Uyghurs?" to provide some background information on my Uyghur friends. I would implore you to seek the immediate release of Mr. Hadas and Mr. Teguxi, Southern (Inner) Mongolian political prisoners as well as Ngawang Choephell and the world's youngest political prisoner, Gendhun Choekyi Niyma, the 11th Panchen Lama. I would also like to implore you to uphold the rights of the Taiwanese people for self-determination and honor all commitments to their future and present security. Thank you for your time and attention, ******************** Today's Uyghurs and Uyghuristan Uyghurs is one of the Turkic ethnic groups living in the northwestern region of the present China. The official Chinese name of the region is Xinjiang (or Sinkyang) Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), but the native Uyghurs have historically called their country or this region either Uyghuristan or Eastern Turkistan or both. In this document, the name Uyghuristan is used to refer to this region. Located in Central Asia, 1500 miles from Beijing, Uyghuristan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Mongolia to the northeast, and Kirghizstan and Tajikistan to the northwest and west. To the west and southwest lie Afghanistan and Pakistan, and to the south are Tibet and India. To the east lies China. Eastern Turkistan is a vast land of 640,000 square kilometers---one sixth of the present Chinese territory. Geographically, it is the China's largest province. The Turkic population of the Uyghuristan which possesses the same blood, language, tradition and religion were artificially divided into Uyghur, Khazak, Kyrgiz, Uzbek and Tatar by the Russian Red Imperialists. The latest census gives the population of the Uyghurs as more than 7 million, the Khazaks 1 million, the Kyrgizs 150 thousand, Uzbeks 15 thousand, and the Tatars 5 thousand. However, some unofficial Uyghur sources give an estimated figure of more than 15 millions of Uyghurs. In addition to these ethnic peoples, there are also Han Chinese, Manchus, Huis and Mongols living in Uyghuristan. At the present the Uyghurs constitute the majority population of Uyghuristan and is the main subject of this document. However, everything stated in this document applies equally well to the other Turkic ethnic peoples mentioned above. Uyghurs and Han Chinese are not of the same race. Uyghurs is clearly a European race and look primarily like Western Europeans. Uyghuristan is situated beyond the natural boundary of China in a separate geographical site with 96% of its population being Turkic peoples in 1949. Uyghur Civilization. Historical records show that the Uyghurs have a history of more than 4000 years. Throughout the history the Uyghurs developed a unique culture and civilization and made remarkable contribution to the civilization of the world. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, scientific and archeological expeditions to the region of Uyghuristan discovered numerous cave temples, monastery ruins, wall paintings, as well as valuable miniatures, books and documents. Explorers from Europe, America and even Japan were astonished by the art treasures discovered in the region, and soon their reports captured the attention of a lot of interested people around the world. Today these relics of Uyghur culture and civilization constitute major collections in the museums of Berlin, London, Paris, Tokyo, Leningrad and the Museum of Central Asian Antiquities in New Delhi.. These relics together with the manuscripts and documents discovered in Uyghuristan reveal the very high degree of civilization attained by the Uyghurs. Throughout the centuries Uyghurs have used three different scripts. Confederated with the Kok Turks in the 6th and the 7th centuries, they used the Orkhun script. Later they adopted what became known as the Uyghur script. This script was used for almost 800 years not only by the Uyghurs but also by other Turkic peoples as well as Mongols and by the Manchus in the early stage of their rule in China. After embracing Islam in the 10th century the Uyghurs adapted the Arabic alphabet, and its use became common in the 11th century. Most of the early Uyghur literary works were translations of Buddhist and Manichean religious texts, but there were also narrative, poetic and epic works. Some of these have been translated into German, English and Russian. After embracing Islam the Uyghurs continued to preserve their cultural dominance in Central Asia. World renowned Uyghur scholars emerged, and Uyghur literature flourished. Among the hundreds of important works surviving from this era are the Kutat-ku Bilik by Yusuf Has Hajip (1069-70), Divan-i Lugat-it Turk by Mahmud Kashgari, and Atabetul Hakayik by Ahmet Yukneki. The Uyghurs had an extensive knowledge of medicine and medical practice. Sung Dynasty (906-960) records indicate that and Uyghur physician, Nanto, travelled to China and brought with him many kinds of medicine not known to the Chinese. A total of 103 different herbs used in Uyghur medicine were recorded in a most famous Chinese medical compendium by Shi-zhen Li (1518-1593). It was claimed by western scholars that acupuncture was not a Chinese, but an Uyghur discovery. In recent years the Chinese authority has set up several institutions in Uyghuristan to study the traditional Uyghur medicines. Uyghurs also possessed high degree of development in fields such as architecture, art, music and printing. According to the work of western scholars, documents discovered in Uyhuristan prove that an Uyghur farmer could write down a contract using legal terminology at a time when no so many European farmers could have done so. It was reported that the Uyghurs knew how to print books centuries before Gutenberg invented his press. It was also reported that in the Middle ages, Chinese poetry, literature, theater, music adn painting were greatly influenced by the Uyghurs. Yen-de Wang, who served as an ambassador to the Kharahoja Uyghur Kingdom between 981 and 984, wrote in his bibliography the following: "I was impressed with the extensive civilization I found in the Uyghur Kingdom. The beauty of the temples, monasteries, wall paintings, statues, towers, gardens, houses and the palaces built throughout the kingdom cannot be described. The Uyghurs are very skilled in handicrafts of gold and silver, vases and potteries. Some say God has infused this talent into this people only." Prior to Islam, the Uyghurs believed in religions like Shamanism, Buddhism and Manicheism. Buddhism was introduced into Uyghuristan at the beginning of our era. It quickly spread among the Turkic peoples of Uyghuristan. The ruins of famous monostries known as the Ming Oy or the Thousand Buddhas built by the Uyghurs can still be seen in the cities of Kucha, Turfan and Dunhuang where the Kanchou Uyghurs lived. In the city of Kucha, there were more than 50 Buddhist temples, libraries and welfare institutions built to support the poor. In the city of Hoten, there were 14 large monasteries without counting the smaller ones. The Uyghurs of Uyghuristan embraced Islam in 934, during the reign of Satuk Bughra Khan, the Kharahanid ruler. Since that time on the Islam continuously served Uyghurs as the only religion in Uyghuristan until today. The Uyghur power, prestige and culture developed over a long history and dominated Central Asia for more than 1000 years went into a steep decline after the Manchu invasion of Uyghuristan, and during the rule of the nationalist and especially the communist Chinese. Uyghuristan is an Occupied Country. Uyghuristan has been the home of Uyghurs for at least 2000 years, and remained as a free and independent country during the most period of those 2000 years. However, the Chinese has been claiming that Uyghuristan is an ancient and inseparable part of China. Historical facts clearly show that such a claim by China is based on a false interpretation of history and grounded in the hope that suppression and assimilation will eventually establish this distortion as legitimate in the eyes of the world. The invasion of Uyghuristan by Han Chinese started in 104 B. C. , and Uyghuristan was occupied several times by Chinese solders, but none of these occupation lasted for long. The following are some historical facts related to Chinese occupation of Uyghuristan. 1) During Wu ti era, General Li Kuang occupied Uyghuristan in 104 B.C, but the people of Uyghuirstan regained their independence in 86 B. C. by defeating the Chinese solders. 2) During the Hsuan Ti era, General Chang Chi attacked Uyghuristan and occupied it in 59 B.C. But in 10 B. C. the Khans of Uyghuristan defeated the Chinese armies and won back their freedom. 3) During the Ming Ti era of the Second Khan Dynasty, General Pan Chao started an internal war attacking Uyghuristan in 73 A. D. This war lasted for 28 years. In 102 A. D. Pan Chao returned to China, and a year later his son, Pan Yung, escaped after having been defeated by the Khans of Uyghuristan. Thus Uyghuristan once again regained her security and independence. 4) During the Topa (Wei) era, the east part of Uyghuristan was obliged to submit tax to the then state from 448 to 460. 5) In 657 Kau Tsung of the Tang Dynasty conquered Uyghuristan, and in 699 the Gok Turk Khans drove out the Chinese from Uyghuristan. 6) In 747 Hsuan Tsung dispatched the Korean General Kao Sien-chi as a commander of a Chinese army to help some of the Uyghur Khans who were fighting among themselves in Uyghuristan. This General, taking advantage of Uyghuristan's internal unrest and playing a very skillful and ruthless role, managed to incite a number of Uyghuristan people to kill each other, and in such a way subjected Uyghuristan to China. But the inhabitants of Uyghuristan, obtaining help from Arabs, destroyed the forces of Kao Sien-chi and won their freedom in 751. That is, there were a total of 6 invasions from 104 B. C. until 751. But during that period of 855 years the Chinese invaders sustained their control over the Uyghuristan for only 157 years, and even then, as the frequency of invasion suggests, Chinese control over Uyghuristan was temporary and incomplete. During the remaining 698 years of this period Uyghuristan remained as a free and independent country. During that period (104 BC to 751), there were friendly relations and business connections between the Uyghuristan and China. But certain Chinese historical books and the present Chinese political authorities, portraying these relations and connections in an unjust and untruthful manner, try to use them as signs of Uyghuristan's subjection to China and most Chinese politicians have been using it to legitimize their claim that Uyghuristan has been an inseparable part of China. After Arab, Turkic and Tibetan forces repulsed the Chinese occupiers in 751 A.D., a long period of 1000 years passed before the conquest of Uyghuristan by the Manchu rulers of China. During this period there was not a single important relation between China and Uyghuristan. For 207 years of this 1000 year period the Uyghurs voluntarily became a part of the Mongol empire, where they maintained their sovereignty and played an important cultural and political role. While the remaining period of approximately 800 years Uyghuristan remained completely independent and attained great progress and prosperity. It is in 1876 when Manchurians strove to occupy the Uyghuristan, and, after killing about one million inhabitants, succeeded in occupying the country. The Uyghuristan was formerly incorporated into the Manchu empire in 1884 as Xinjiang (or Sinkyang; means "new territory") Province. Since that time on Uyghuristan was under continuous military rule. However, until 1949, the inhabitants of Uyghuristan staged 42 armed revolts against the terrorist rule of the Manchu military governors (that is, one revolt falls for every 4 years of Manchus' rule) with the aim of regaining their independence. The Uyghurs in the southern part of Uyghuristan established an "Eastern Turkistan Islamic Republic" in 1933 and the inhabitants of the whole Uyghuristan together established the second "Eastern Turkistan Republic" in 1944. The former lived for 3 years, and the latter for 5 years. Uyghuristan was occupied by the communist China in 1949 and its name was changed to the XUAR in 1955. The communist China has been excersizing a colonial rule over the Uyghuristan since then. The Uyghurs have had to undergo unimaginable suffering and been subjugated to inhuman conditions under the repressive alien rule. But despite all the suffering and cultural genocide, the determination spirit of the people in Uyghuristan remains ever strong. According to available information from Chinese sources, despite all the risks involved, demonstrations, protest marches and other underground political activities organized by Uyghurs and aimed at obtaining equality, justice and even independence for Uyghurs have never stopped in Uyghuristan since 1954 and reached to a peak since 1996. (7) THE TRIAL ON THREE UYGHURS HAS BEGUN IN BISHKEK.
Today on the 24th of November the Chuy Oblast Court has begun hearings for three men, arrested on the 8th of April. The trial was to begin at 10 o'clock, but it was started at 12 o'clock. These three men, all Uygurs, are two Turkish citizens Mr.Kuler Dilaver and Mr.Kasardji Jalal Mahmud and a Chinese citizen Mr.Qurban Yasin. Before the trial there was a picket organized by Uyghur community in Bishkek in order to support their compatriots. More than 300 people took part in this picket. They held slogans with the following apeals "They are not guilty!", "We claim the justice!", "The Uyghurs have right for self identification!" and others. The structure of the Court is the following: The Court's Chairman Ms.Djamankulova, the prosecuter Mr. Makeshev, two defenders Ms. Kim and Mr. Maksimov, a translator and two public defenders. According to the indictment Mr. Kasardji Jalal is accused of the following: 1) the activities directed toward national and religios feud; 2) the organization of the group to conduct above-mentioned activities; 3) illegal acquisition, keeping and bearing of fire-arms; 4) forgery and use of forged documents; 5) encroachment upon life the National Security employee. Kuler Dilaver is indicted on charge of the activities directed toward national and religios feud. Qasim Yasin is charged with the following: 1) complicity in crimes; 2) forgery and use of forged documents. (8) JIAN AND YELTSIN TO SIGN PAPER ON BORDER DEMARCATION
President Jiang Zemin and his Russian counterpart Boris Yeltsin will sign a statement on border demarcation during talks in Moscow next week, China's Ambassador to Moscow said yesterday. The "no-necktie" summit – Mr. Jiang's sixth meeting with Mr Yeltsin - will begin tomorrow and focus on broad issues of expanding Sino-Russian co-operation, the Kremlin has said. Mr. Yeltsin and Mr. Jiang will also release a declaration that will define some stretches of the border and call for talks on the rest of the frontier, Ambassador Wu Tao was quoted as saying by the ITAR-Tass news agency. Mr Yeltsin is scheduled to meet Mr Jiang in the suburban Moscow residence of Novo-Ogarevo on Monday morning. During his visit, Mr Jiang will also meet Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov and other officials and visit the Siberian city of Novosibirsk. Mr. Yeltsin last visited China in April 1996 and, during Mr. Jiang's return visit to Moscow in November, a "strategic partnership" was announced. This time, however, analysts are warning of another possible no-show by Mr. Yeltsin as concerns grow over his faltering health. The Russian leader has already asked his Prime Minister to make an official visit to India next month. Other experts believe the "no-necktie" summit is unlikely to produce any other results. These days there are no urgent issues between Russia and China that need summit-level dialogue as virtually all existing problems could be tackled on an expert level, said Oleg Ostroukhov, a China expert with the Moscow-based Institute of World Economy and International Relations. (9) CHINESE MILITARY TO HALT ALL BUSINESS ACTIVITY NEXT MONTH
The huge business empires owned by China's military and law enforcement agencies are to be handed over to civilians by the end of the year. A statement from the government's Economic and Trade Commission said it would take over the businesses and begin restructuring them. President Jiang Zemin first told the military earlier this year to halt its commercial activities, but no timetable has been set until now. President Jiang's order has been seen as an effort to stamp out corruption in the armed forces, which have multi-billion dollar business interests that extend into many areas of China's economy. (10) THE MINORITIES IN CHINA ARE OPPRESSED BY CHINESE MAJORITY
Author: Anji "Bei Jin Bahor" journal 1998, 11th issue Professor Dr. Yang Jian Li - one of the leaders of The Chinese Democratic Party, the "21st Century Fund " chairman and "The 21st Century Publishing House" editor-in-chief. Anja: As I heard, you pay great attention to the minority problems in China. And the aim of your "21st Fund" is to solve these problems. What do you think the communication between nations is? What nations are you going to communicate with? Yang Jian Li: Under communication between nations I understand not only communication with Xinjiang, Tibet and Inner Mongolia but also with other special regions in China, for example Thaiwan and Hong Kong. I think, that the minorities in China have been in great oppression after the Communist Party came to the rule. The majority of Chinese support the Communist Party in spite of human rights violations toward them. We cannot say how much people have been killed during Communist regime, because people in Regions would reasonably think that much more minority people have been killed during this time. And there are some materials that testify to it. My friend used to soldier in Chinese Army and he told me : " The riots happen all the time in Xinjiang. And every time during these riots we used to receive orders from the capital to kill all the people in that place where the riots had taken place and not to leave anybody alive neither women nor children. As I heard this order, I said : " Nobody could do it even all the people in this place are criminals. I could not even kill a dog." A lot of people in China are sure that everybody who is for split of China must be murdered. National problems are also political problems. And they should be solved with political wisdom. In the making of Democratic Government the National Movements for Independence will pick up speed, for example Movements for Free Taiwan, Tibet, Shinjian. Anji: When do you think will it happen? Yang: In near futur. I believe that great changes would be in China after Jian Zemin government. And so in the making of Democratic State we should pay great attention to the national problems. That is why from nowadays we should improve relations with Tibets, Mongols, Thaiwans and Uyghurs. We should learn how best to understand and to respect each other. Prepared by: Abdulrakhim Aitbayev (rakhim@lochbrandy.mines.edu) WUNN newsletter index*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= The World Uyghur Network News electronic newsletter is produced by the Eastern Turkistan Information Center (ETIC) in cooperation with the Taklamakan Uighur Human Rights Association (USA), and is devoted to the current political, cultural and economic developments in Eastern Turkistan and to the Uyghur people related issues. Eastern Turkistan (Sherqiy Turkistan in Uyghur) is a name used by the indigenous people of the region for their motherland located in what is at present the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic China. The World Uyghur Network News brings information on situation in Eastern Turkistan from the Uyghur and other sources to the attention of the international community. *=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*= EASTERN TURKISTAN INFORMATION CENTER |