On November 16, 1997, the Eastern Turkistan National Center in Istanbul commemorated foundations of the Islamic Republic of East Turkistan (Kashgar, 1933-1934) and the East Turkistan Republic (Ghulja, 1944-1949). General Muhammed Riza Bekin opened the meeting with a speech. About 200 people attended the commemoration, and discussed the current situation and the future of Eastern Turkistan. On November 19, the Marmara University Professors Club and the Eastern Turkistan Association organized a conference "Eastern Turkistan is the shame of humanity". The participants of the conference stressed continuing human rights violations in Eastern Turkistan and the ethnic oppression of the Uyghur people by the communist Chinese government.
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